What is the ESAT? Complete Guide to the Engineering and Science Admissions Test 2025

What is the ESAT?

The Engineering and Science Admissions Test (ESAT) is a computer-based admissions assessment used by leading UK universities to evaluate applicants for engineering and science courses. It assesses candidates across five separately timed modules: Mathematics 1, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics 2. Each module contains 27 multiple-choice questions and must be completed within 40 minutes.

Test Structure

The ESAT is divided into five modules, each independently timed at 40 minutes with 27 multiple-choice questions. Candidates sit a selection of these modules depending on their chosen course. All modules assume knowledge of Mathematics 1 as a foundation. An erasable booklet is provided for working out, and calculators are not permitted.

• Mathematics 1 — 27 questions, 40 minutes
• Biology — 27 questions, 40 minutes
• Chemistry — 27 questions, 40 minutes
• Physics — 27 questions, 40 minutes
• Mathematics 2 — 27 questions, 40 minutes

Module Selection

Most courses require candidates to sit Mathematics 1 plus two additional modules. Cambridge requires the ESAT for natural sciences and engineering programmes, and candidates must sit the test in October. Imperial College London uses the ESAT for engineering and physics courses. The specific combination of modules required depends on the course and institution.

Scoring Basics

Each module is scored on a scale from 1.0 to 9.0, reported to one decimal place. There is no aggregate or total score; modules are independent. Scores are derived using a Rasch Item Response Theory (IRT) model with post-equating. There is no penalty for incorrect answers, meaning candidates should attempt every question.

Score Statistics

The following statistics are drawn from the 2024-25 testing cycle:

Which Universities Use ESAT?

Cambridge requires the ESAT for natural sciences and engineering applicants, and the test must be sat in October. Imperial College London uses the ESAT for engineering and physics courses. Both universities rely on the ESAT as part of their admissions process alongside other application materials.

How to Prepare

Preparation should focus on building a solid understanding of the syllabus content for each required module. Since calculators are not allowed, practice mental arithmetic and written calculations. Work through past papers and specimen materials under timed conditions to develop speed and accuracy. Prioritise Mathematics 1 as it underpins all other modules, then add the specific modules required by your course.